Why Should I Use E85 Ethanol

As people become more aware of the damage that has been done to our planet and to the environment, questions have risen about what to do now to prevent further damage. E85 ethanol is the name that a fuel consisting of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline is called by in the United States. It’s less commonly found than E10 ethanol which is 10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline; most likely because vehicles with specially designed engines (called flexible fuel vehicles) are needed to burn E85 ethanol while E10 can be used in most existing vehicles in the U.S. Why should a person consider purchasing a flexible fuel vehicle and using E85 Ethanol? In addition to the benefits to the environment that are realized because a person using E85 Ethanol is decreasing the amount of toxins released into the air by using the much cleaner E85, it is a fuel that can (and is) refined in the United States which lessens the country’s dependency on foreign oil imports. E85 Ethanol is also less expensive than gasoline, usually around 30 percent less. Ethanol E85 is made from starchy feedstock, with corn being its major ingredient. Since corn is already being grown at a tremendous rate in the Midwest, it also signals prosperity for farmers. To date, there are over 600 pump stations in the United States that supply E85 Ethanol. That may not seem like very many stations, but that is twice the number of E85 stations that were in existence two years ago. Because of the focus being given to the environment along with cleaner burning and renewable fuels, the number E85 pumps is expected to rise significantly in the next few years. Currently, the Midwest has the largest concentration of E85 pumps at about 400. Right now, there are some states, like Florida for instance, where E85 Ethanol is not available for sale to the public. Instead, the fuel is reserved for purchase by Federal fleets. Fortunately, there is talk about adding more pumps to those states that are currently without them in the near future. What do most people consider the biggest advantage of using E85? It’s that E85 ethanol is better for our environment. Not only does it reduce tailpipe and greenhouse gas emissions, but it also burns clean because of its high oxygen content. In addition, it is also biodegradable and water-soluble. You know the smog you hate waking up to on some mornings? The fuel can also eliminate the smog by reducing the smog-forming pollutants at least by 15 percent. Still, one may wonder what else sets Ethanol E85 apart from gasoline. Well, for one thing, the fuel itself has a reputation for offering high performance with a 100+octane rating, which rivals gasoline’s 87 octane rating. Those who use E85 Ethanol will attest that it gives a superb performance while also heightening horsepower. The cost factor is also important in your decision to choose ethanol. Today, ethanol is currently being sold at prices approximately 35 percent lower than gasoline. But a person’s realized savings will be a little less than 35 percent because E85 typically has a slightly lower fuel economy than regular gasoline. There is also a gas tax break/exemption on Ethanol that helps keep its price lower. Even if you do not have a flexible fuel vehicle or have availability of E85 ethanol, seriously consider using E10 ethanol in your vehicle. E10 ethanol is widely available and is safe to use in most vehicles. And, even though it only contains 10 percent ethanol, it still releases fewer toxins into the air then regular gasoline making it a better choice for the environment. And, in order to help speed up the availability of E85 ethanol where you live, lobby your government representatives and let you know you want E85 available to you. And, the next time you go vehicle shopping, consider purchasing one of ever growing number of flexible fuel vehicles available.

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Ten years ago, you would be laughed at if you were to tell someone that people would buy cars without first inspecting them in person. Well, today thousands of people are buying cars on the internet through sites like eBay, without ever physically coming in contact with their cars before the purchase! Let’s face it: The internet is a hassle free place to shop for cars. There are many advantages to shopping cars online. When buying a car online, you don’t have to listen to a dealer talk about the specs of a car. You just have to read all about it in a website. You don’t have to go to a showroom, you just to have to point and click your mouse and you could browse through different make and models of cars. And if you want to take a second look at a car it’s very easy. Furthermore, transactions can be done without you having to go out of your room. After ordering the car you want and paying the price, all you have to do is to wit for your brand new vehicle to be delivered to the nearest dealer. Some dealers would even deliver the car right at your doorstep. Depending on the sites you are visiting, the method in which they sell cars to you will differ. Some websites will only get you in touch with a real car seller. This means you have to transact the traditional way. Then there are websites that would take car of everything. Some websites would even deliver the car at your doorstep. Of course this would mean a bigger amount of service fee. However, before you decide to buy a car online, you must first know exactly what kind of car you want. How? By determining the types of car you’re looking for and the price you are willing to pay for that car. Below are some helpful tips for buying cars online: 1. Make sure it’s safe. Make sure that the website you go to is secure and reliable. Most sites would let you browse by car type, by price range or both. 2. Research carefully. The most important thing to do is to research. Don’t get too excited. Check on the different packages available. 3. Read Third Party Reviews. Read reviews about the different make, model and year of cars. A good website must also have reviews and ratings for the cars they are selling. But you should also cross check by visiting independent car sites or sites that do not sell cars or are connected to car companies to get a more objective review. 4. Ask yourself what features are important to you. Do you give much ore importance to fuel efficiency than speed or vice versa? Are you more concerned about safety features than a good sound system? After you’ve done all these, it’s time to determine your budget. Just how much are you willing to spend for a vehicle? 5. Check on the history of the particular car line. You can easily do this by consulting consumer magazines and websites. You could also check out the website of the car’s manufacturer. 6. See if you can meet the seller offline. If you don’t want to make all transactions online then you could ask the dealer to meet you in person once you found him on the Internet. Upon meeting the dealer, negotiate with him as you would a normal car dealer and then sign the papers. 7. Do a detailed background check of the website or person you are about to buy from. It is advisable to buy only from websites which has detailed information about the vehicles they are selling. Ask if they have conducted inspections of each car in their lot through independent mechanics. If they have, then you’ll know that that website is a good place to shop for cars. By following the above tips and always being aware that you are dealing with a legitimate, trustworthy seller, buying cars on the internet can in fact be a fun and rewarding experience. Now, who says you have to visit your local car dealer to buy a car?

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The Fastest U.S. Production Car

Back in 1987 the fastest U.S. production car ever to be produced was the Buick Grand National/GNX. I have owned three turbo Buicks in the past. They are a really fun car to drive. If you have never driven one, but you are looking for a new toy car to buy, you should really consider one of these. If you have $50,000 you could buy a GNX, other than that you should look into a Grand National or a Turbo T. What is great about these cars? Easy, their drive train. Other than the drive train, this is no different than you ordinary GM car of the 1980’s. The quality of the vehicles leaves a lot to be desired. The paint was poor quality, especially on the Grand Nationals. Depending on how they were maintained and cared for you could often find stress factures in a couple of places around the car. Some of the interior parts are subject to being torn based on wear and tear, if not cared for very well. Having said all of that I am still a big fan of these cars. I wanted one ever since I was I was a teenager and they were new in the showrooms. While most people think they are ugly “old man cars” I have always liked the look of the G bodies from GM. I think the Grand National is a very sharp car. Unlike most sports cars, which are typically cramped beyond belief, the turbo Buicks are roomy, comfortable, and can fit a family of five, even if you need car seats. You cannot say the same for their relative the 1989 Pontiac Turbo Trans Am. The turbo Buick also possesses a large trunk for carrying cargo. You can get them with a moon-roof or T-roofs. Regardless of what you have to say about their looks and build quality there is no disputing the fun you have driving one. Hearing the wooosh of the turbo as you hit the gas and you pull by whatever car is next to you. And, that is all in the stock form. There is a large aftermarket for these cars as well. With a minimal amount of money you can put some modifications on the car that will increase the power to jaw dropping levels. Jaw dropping for anyone that has never been in one that is. If you are the owner/driver then you just have a smile smeared from ear to ear for hours after you park the car for the night. I have driven muscle cars in the past. I drove my friends 67 Barracuda with a 340, his dad’s 1970 Plymouth Roadrunner with a 383, my cousin’s 1970 Chevy Chevelle with 550 hp under the hood. I also owned a 1967 Plymouth Belvedere in the past. All I can say is this 3.8 liter, six cylinder, turbocharged G body is more exciting to drive than any of the others. Some of the “muscle car purists” are laughing at me for sure. There are still some people out there that would not consider the turbo Buicks a muscle car simply because it is a six cylinder. They clearly have not driven one and they certainly haven’t driven one with any modifications. Jack Cotton is a well-known turbo Buick mechanic throughout our country. He has a turbo Buick that consistently runs high 8 second ¼ miles at the track. He has a video on his website, www.cottonsperformance.com, of his car doing a wheelie off the line. His car is no longer street legal but it is still a six cylinder running those times. There are plenty of street legal turbo Buicks out there running 9 and 10 second ¼ mile times. If you would like more information on these cars feel free to check out the most popular of the turbo Buick forums, www.turbobuick.com. Whether you like these cars or not I recommend one thing to you. If you pull up next to one of these cars at the next red light, don’t take them lightly. If you are one of those people, like me, that like to race people at red lights make sure you are aware of what you are up against because you may end up looking like a fool. And one favor to ask before I go, please do not call them Monte Carlo’s because they aren’t.

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What Is E85 Ethanol And How Is It Made?

With gasoline prices rising higher and higher, with no relief in sight, consumers are becoming more aware of and more interested in alternative fuel sources. One of those viable fuel sources is E85 ethanol. These days, there is quite a bit of talk about this fuel, and why shouldn’t there be? After all, it costs close to thirty five percent less than gasoline and is quickly becoming a preferred choice for motorists at the pump stations. E85 ethanol is already widely used in Brazil with about 90 percent of Brazil’s vehicles able to use E85 ethanol. Although a much lower percentage of vehicles in the United State’s are flexible fuel vehicles, and therefore able to burn E85 ethanol, it is quickly gainer favor. What is E 85 Ethanol? When 15 percent of leaded gasoline is combined with eighty five percent of ethanol, the result is the low-cost E85 ethanol fuel. It is an alcohol-based fuel that can be produced from employing the use of two methods. The first source of production involves the fermenting and distilling of starch-like feedstock. They include corn, barley, and wheat. The next method, which is referred as bio-ethanol, involves extraction from trees and grasses. Although the price of the Ethanol E85 may be foremost on consumer’s minds, it also gets the nod from earth activists because it is an environmentally friendly product. It burns clean and its key ingredient source is renewable. Ethanol E85 also lessens the need for imported crude oil because it is locally produced, and is also known for increasing the octane rating in fuel while decreasing the harmful emissions caused by gasoline. If you are consciously trying to use less gasoline because you are aware of toxins it releases into our air think about this: if you convert to a flexible fuel vehicle and you burn E85 in that vehicle you will automatically be using 85 percent less gasoline that you previously had because 85 percent of your fuel is now ethanol and only 15 percent is gasoline. Ethanol E85 will run well in flexible fuel vehicles like those manufactured by Daimler Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, Isuzu and Nissan to name a few. But, if you don’t own a vehicle by one of the above-mentioned manufacturers, you need not fear. Some people are not aware that many other cars manufactured today are Ethanol E85 compatible. It is best to find out from your car dealer if you have a flexible fuel vehicle. How is E85 Ethanol Made? The method for producing Ethanol E85 is long and complex. The maker has to first extract sugar from biological feedstock in order to begin the process. Corn is the leading ingredient in Ethanol E85 gas in the United States. In Brazil, sugar cane is the leading ingredient in ethanol. The starch in these crops can easily be converted into sugar. Sugar for this fuel can also be extracted from cellulose, which is a sugar based ingredient found in trees and grasses. Once the feedstock is collected, it goes through a grinding process to extract the sugar. Sugar fed into microbes quickly produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, which is purified to get the ethanol to the right consistency. There is another method of manufacturing Ethanol E85 oil or grain alcohol, as it is also known, and this is through a wet-milling process. This is also the method that large-scale manufacturers use when producing high-fructose corn sweetener. Ethanol E85 is an innovative and renewable resource with many positive characteristics, making it one of the leading topics of discussion for those looking to help the earth and looking to keep a few extra bucks in their wallet. Although E85 is currently only available at approximately 600 pumps in the United States, that number is expected to grow significantly in the next few years.

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The Lowdown On Looking After High-End Autos

As publisher of Celeb-rity car magazine, I see the specs for some of the world's most desirable automobiles. The celebrities that appear in the magazine know how to be seen, and nothing grabs attention like a high-powered vehicle. But owning a cutting-edge vehicle does more than add another accessory to a portfolio of luxurious items. It inducts you into an elite club, complete with the privileges and responsibilities of maintaining a vehicle that needs "special attention." For celebrities and amateurs alike, here are a few expert tips to keep these beauties purring for years to come: 1. Preventive Maintenance. Every month, check key fluids such as oil, coolant, power steering and transmission. Use high-quality products as recommended by the manufacturer for any top-up or fluid replacement. Also, make sure to follow proper OEM recommendations and visit a specialist for a tune-up, replacing spark plugs, changing oil and lubricating your engine as needed. Don't forget to regularly change your wiper blades, too. If Mother Nature rains down on your joyride, you want to be ready and safe. 2. Build a Relationship with a Good Mechanic. You own a specialty car-it's time to find a specialty auto mechanic. Don't be afraid to ask your specialist about the causes of problems you notice, either. It makes you a better owner and helps build rapport. Owners of classic cars especially need to do this. When parts that operate perfectly for 40 years begin to break down, it's vital that your mechanic is familiar with your golden oldie. 3. Use Top Tier, High-Octane Fuel. Pay attention to the gasoline your high-performance engine is burning. All gasoline available today should meet minimum detergency requirements set by the Environmental Protection Agency, but according to some automakers, that is not enough to keep critical engine parts free of carbon deposits. Recognizing that a cleaner engine performs better, BMW, GM, Honda and Toyota developed a Top Tier Detergent Gasoline standard that exceeds the EPA standard and raises the bar on fuel quality. Fuels meeting this standard can enhance your engine's performance because they're designed to keep intake valves and fuel injectors free of deposits. Shell V-Power actually surpasses that standard with two times the amount of detergency required by the Top Tier Detergent Gasoline standard. These cleaning agents actively clean carbon deposits that low-quality fuels leave behind, giving your car better performance. 4. Invest in Quality Tires. Your tires are the only part of your car that touches the ground, so they're one of the best ways to give your car added performance. Every product has a class, from engines to gasoline, and tires are no different. Make sure your wheels have an optimum strength-to-weight ratio and minimal rotational inertia. Find a tire brand you trust and make sure the speed rating gives you freedom on the open road. Also, be sure you check the tire pressure on a regular basis in order to get the best performance and mileage. Improperly inflated tires can be dangerous. To find the proper pressure for your tires, check the number on the inside of the gas door or on the inside of the side door, not the number that appears on the tires themselves. Remember, your vehicle manufacturer always knows best. 5. Detail on a Regular Basis. Last, but certainly not least, maintain the form of your car as well as its function. Having your beauty detailed regularly by an expert is a no-brainer. Like at the pump, the car wash is not the place to start being frugal. Protect your dashboard from sun damage with a sun shield or a protective polish, like Black Magic Pro Shine Protectant. Other motorists are watching, so make sure to give your car a good cleaning at least once every two months. Whether you're a first-time high-end owner or a sharp-eyed collector, treat your ride right, because your high-performance automobile is a powerful machine that makes driving more adventurous and luxurious.

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Wheelskins: Chrome For Styled Wheels

"Wheelskin" is a relatively new term. Wheelskins were invented in the late 1990s to provide an inexpensive way to put chrome on styled wheels. If you would like to read this article with pictures of classic cars that illustrate the examples given, go to http://www.autoamenity.com/FAQ/Wheelskins.htm After WWII, auto racing enthusiasts introduced new technologies and materials to every aspect of race cars to reduce weight and improve speed and handling. One of those improvements, ‘mag wheels’ remains in the vernacular to this day. Halibrand magnesium wheels carried every car that won the Indy 500 from 1946 to 1963. Those early wheels were made of magnesium, which was far lighter than steel, and a even third lighter than aluminum. The major drawback of the true magnesium wheel was the need to polish it regularly, because magnesium reacts rapidly to air and water to produce a heavy surface oxide, which then pits. The shift to aluminum alloys reduced these problems. Early aluminum alloy wheels were made in fairly simple designs. As more sophisticated, high strength molding and forging processes were developed, more intricate and artistic designs became common. The original purpose of decreased weight for track performance metamorphosed to style and expression. Adoption of “styled” alloy wheels became widespread in high-end street machines of German manufacture, and as expensive aftermarket options for the rest. Finally, major American and Japanese manufacturers began offering styled alloy wheels first as options, and in the late ‘80s as standard features. The top models of even the economy brands offered styled steel wheels. The advent of styled alloy wheels opened a new range of stylistic expression to auto owners. Spoke and swirl patterns could extend seamlessly to the outer edge of the wheel. As computerized machining technology advanced, it became less expensive to engineer the molds, so a larger selection of designs became available and prices decreased. Chrome, the final fashion statement, was applied to all varieties of styled wheels. This option is popular but expensive, in the range of several hundred dollars per wheel. Unfortunately, one of the drawbacks of actual chrome plating on auto wheels is its tendency to corrode when exposed to winter salt driving conditions. Hence the fine print caveat in the warrantees of chrome wheel manufacturers: “Do not drive chrome wheels in snow!” and “Salt can deteriorate and corrode your chrome.” Wheelskins were invented in the late 1990s to provide an inexpensive way to put brilliant chromed plastic covers on styled wheels. Precision molds were designed to produce inexpensive corrosion resistant covers that perfectly match the geometry of styled wheels, and ‘fit like a glove’ or like a second skin. There are several manufacturers of wheelskins, the two best known are the Impostors™ and the Wheelskins brands. There is only one model of Wheelskin that matches each specific styled wheel, and that wheelskin does not fit any other wheel. Styled Wheels do not have the normal recess inside of the bead for standard hubcaps to mount into. Therefore, Wheelskins were designed with metal clips to grab the outer edge of the rim or wheel, the way a wheel weight does. The latest Wheelskins models use center clips that grab the wheel at the base of its spokes. Wheelskins have become the best-kept secret in the wheel fashion industry. Once installed, you can not tell the difference between them and real chromed wheels from more than 5 feet away. Thousands of sets are sold to new and used auto retailers, who mount them on the vehicles on their lots. Those thousands of vehicles are sold to customers who are very happy they have purchased chrome wheels at a bargain price.

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Seven Vital Facts About Your Car’s Air Conditioning System

Air conditioning, which was once a great luxury, is now a common feature on most motor vehicles. While the servicing of modern car air conditioning systems is best left to professionals, you can get the most enjoyment from your ac system if you know a bit about how it works and what malfunctions you should be on the lookout for. 1. Odd smells coming from the air conditioning may be caused by bacterial buildups As your car becomes older, or when the air conditioning system is used infrequently, bacteria, micro-organisms, mold and fungi may start growing, just behind the dash panel on the evaporator causing some very unpleasant odors. Some even claim this can result in headaches and flu like symptom sometimes referred to as “sick car syndrome.” This problem can be solved by using an anti-bacterial treatment that destroys the bacteria growth and leaves your car smelling fresh again. 2. If you car does not feel cold enough, then you may need to recharge your system If you feel that your car doesn’t feel as cold as your friend’s car, then your system may need servicing. The air conditioning system in your vehicle is not usually covered by most manufacturers servicing schedules and the refrigerant gas that is used to operate the system depletes over time. On average most vehicles lose up to 15% per annum. This leakage can be caused when then system is not used during the winter months. Thus allowing the small “O” ring seals to dry out resulting in a gradual deterioration in system performance. If this continues, eventually the system will not be able to operate at all. Most problems of this type can be put right fairly easily by a leak check of your system followed by a complete refill of your air conditioning refrigerant, this is sometimes referred to as a re-gas. 3. Running your air conditioning year round will help maintain the system If you run the air conditioning in the winter it will help to keep the system well lubricated and leak tight. This is because the refrigerant actually carries the oil that lubricates the system and most importantly the compressor. It also keeps the seals and hoses moist, thus preventing them from drying out and cracking which can lead to leaks. 4. Strange noises coming from the air conditioning should be attended to immediately If your air-con system suddenly starts making noises you have not heard before it is very advisable to have a qualified vehicle air conditioning specialist to have a look at it. Some noises could be early symptoms of a compressor failure (the compressor is the air conditioning pump).The compressor is usually the most expensive part on the system ranging from approximately £230 to £600+ and if the bearings in your compressor break down or if the compressor seizes up it also means that other components can become contaminated with metal particles A flush of the system would then be needed as well as replacement of the compressor, the receiver/drier and the expansion valve - quite a hefty bill! 5. Don’t worry about a pool of water forming under your car after using the A/C If you see a puddle of water on the ground, usually under the passenger area don’t be alarmed. This is a normal feature of the system as it is only water dripping from the air conditioning evaporator. The evaporator has a drain tube fitted to allow the condensation from the evaporator to drain away from the vehicle. 6. Excessive moisture inside the car can be fixed easily Sometimes the drain tube from the evaporator may become blocked or detached allowing the condensation to build up inside your evaporator. If this occurs water will just build up inside your car to a point where there are damp carpets or misting / high humidity type problems. These problems can be solved with low-cost servicing. 7. Have your air conditioning serviced regularly, even if there are no visible problems Just as the other systems of your car need servicing on a regular basis, the same is true for the air conditioning system. The compressor needs oil, or else it will seize up. The filter collects debris and moisture. If the filter becomes blocked, then the performance of the system will deteriorate and it can even quit working entirely (probably when you need it most!) Normally the refrigerant gas in a car air conditioning system has to be recharged completely within four years from the manufacture date and thereafter every two to three years. An annual servicing of your car’s air conditioning system will guard against malfunctions in the compressor and other vital parts of the system. Regular maintenance will save you money in the long run and guarantee you comfort in the hottest months.

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Why Floor Mats Can Save Your Life

As the working man’s vehicle has changed over the years, many make it a way of life to personalize their ride. Beyond the additions of mud flaps and toolboxes, the interior to our vehicles is where we spend countless hours driving and it is our home away from home. To combat the harsh weather conditions in the Southern Northwest United States, Jim Dantun is now a firm believer that quality floor mats are a necessity. “On rainy days, which happen too often up here, I’m in and out of my truck all day doing deliveries. I have had a set of Husky Liners in my Silverado since I bought it and I didn’t know they would help me out in bigger ways than just keeping my floors clean. My partner has always joked around saying I spend too much time and money on my truck, but on one of our runs, he was stepping out of his truck and slipped out, breaking his pelvic bone and collar bone. If he had some mats to help him with his wet step out, his problem would have been solved. He told me that his boots were wetting from dropping off packages and he rushed out of his ride and slipped from the cab to the ground. Maybe Husky should know that their mats can really do more than they would think.” I researched floor mats and the benefits that I found for them are that they: • Protect against unpleasant stains that harm the appearance and value of your vehicle • Stop spilt sodas, fumbled coffees and mishandled snacks from staining your carpet • Provide year round protection against even the most severe weather conditions • Trap mud, water, road salt and sand before it gets ground into your flooring • Prevent wear, snags and rips caused by foot friction Here's a quick list of some of the most common flooring foes: • Mud, moisture and grime that are tracked-in on shoes, and then ground deep into your carpet • Sticky sodas, boiling coffee and on-the-go meals drenched in condiments that spill, stain and become permanent additions to your floorboards • Foot friction caused by entering, exiting and shifting about in your seat • Gum on your shoes that transfers to your flooring and dries into impossible slabs of minty concrete • Crud, muck and filth that catch a ride on our shoes and end up smearing all over our nice, new and expensive vehicle interior All-Weather vs. Carpet Floor Mats Constructed from heavy-duty rubber, pliable vinyl or thermoplastic, all-weather floor mats put-up an extreme defense against mud, snow and other shoe-born grime that inevitably finds its way onto your floorboards. Whether you work out of your vehicle or just play in it, the all-weather floor mats give you a virtually indestructible barrier between your carpet and the world. Not only that, they are also incredibly easy to clean - just give them a quick bath with a hose, and they're as good as new. Stitched together from durable nylon and Berber yarns, carpet floor mats are soft to the touch, but put up a hard line of defense against your floorboard's enemies. Not only do these floor mats replace the ones that came with your vehicle, they're thicker and heavier to provide added protection and a longer life-span. On top of color selection, you can further personalize your floor mats by embroidering either logos or your own personal catch-phrase. Who Makes Them Two well-know floor mats, Husky Liners and Weathertech Floor Mats, are semi-custom-designed. What this means is that these particular floor mats fit well in your vehicle as well as in various other makes and models. Just as GM and Ford reuse the same floor plan in multiple cars, trucks and SUVs, so Husky and Weathertech follow suit. These floor mats are anything but the dreaded one-size-fits-all floor mats that many retail shop are trying to pawn off on its unsuspecting customers. They are still guaranteed to fit exactly, and the manufacturers have over 50 patters to match your floor with great accuracy. I plan on following in Jim’s footsteps (pun intended) as apposed to his work partner’s and looking forward to getting a set of new floor mats…. :)

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What You Need To Know About Compressed Air Systems

Compressed air is used in many operations and processes and as a source of energy for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) and process actuators and motors. It may also be supplied for low pressure systems and used for pneumatic control. Air can be compressed in several different ways and supplied at varying pressures and degrees of filtration depending on its use. A typical compressed air system is capable of producing instrument quality air for pneumatic HVAC controls, tools, conveying systems, and general plant air. The system consists of a single motor driven single stage rotary screw compressor with inlet air filter, a safety relief valve, aftercooler, air/oil separator, air receiver with safety relief valve, prefilter, air dryer, afterfilter, oil/water traps, and oil/water separator. Compressors are most often supplied skid mounted as a packaged unit.Theassembled package includes all major components, controls, and a sound attenuation enclosure. The unit only requires mounting to a foundation,hook up to system piping, connection to the oil water separator, and power connection. There are various types of compressors: Rotary helical screw air compressors are positive displacement machines. Atwin-screw compressor consists of accurately matched rotors [one lobe (male) and one helix (female)] that mesh closely when rotating within a close tolerance common housing. One rotor is motor driven while the other is gear driven, turning it in a counter-rotating motion. The rotors uncover inlet posts at one end allowing air to flow in. As the rotors continue to rotate the air is compressed by the minishing volume between the rotors . At the end of the rotors, ports allow the now compressed air to exit. One or more stages may be used. These compressors are used in systems up to 3000 cubic feet per minute (cfm). They are usually oil injected to increase sealing, lubricate rotors, and provide cooling. They can also be oil free. One or two stages can be used. They have a low initial cost, no pulsation, are almost free of vibration, and do not require special foundations. Centrifugal compressors compress air as it enters the center of a fluted casting, housing a rotating impeller. The impeller imparts kinetic energy to the gas which turns into potential energy as the gas velocity slows, thus increasing pressure. Compression is a continuous process. One or more stages may be used. Centrifugal compressors are used in large systems up to 15,000 cfm. A blow-off silencer is needed to control noise. Centrifugal compressors require no ubrication in contact with the air stream and therefore provide oil free air. Reciprocating or positive displacement compressors use a piston in a cylinder to compress air up to a capacity of 6,000 cfm . Air enters the cylinder through a valve when the piston is going down. The valve closes when the piston starts to go up. As the piston approaches the top ofthe cylinder, the air is compressed by the decreasing volume. An exhaust valve opens when the piston is near the top of the cylinder allowing the compressed air to exit. The cycle is them repeated. Rotary sliding vane compressors use a rotor eccentrically mounted in a cylinder. The rotor has eight or more slots cut along its length .Vanes are placed in the slots. As the rotor rotates, the vanes move out from centrifugal force. As the rotor continues through a rotation, the rotor housing causes the vanes to move back in the slot ofthe rotor. The volume of air between the housing, eccentrically mounted rotor, and two vanes changes as the rotor rotates, compressing the air.

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Read The Warranty, It Will Save Some Money.

When consumers buy a car, the seller or manufacturer pledges to vouch for the car. This is a warranty. Federal law enforces warranties to be always available to buyers. It should be made clear to the consumer even when they are just searching for what car to buy or if they are just browsing the internet. Coverage differs. Therefore, warranties should be checked together with the design, value, quality and other car characteristics. Warrantees and guarantees often confuse people that are trying to differentiate the two. These two words, although quite similar, have distinct differences in the area of home improvement. First, the basic terminologies are somewhat different. Warranty is usually attributed to manufacturers while guarantees refer to the labor. Warrantees are usually pro-rated. This means that the coverage agreements could change as time goes on. Guarantees from the labor sector mostly are inclusive. Here are some examples: 1. Siding should have a warranty not to crack, sag or buckle. 2. The intensity of colors will not diminish for 3 points or more. 3. Warrantees are transferable to different owners and then changed to 5 years. 4. Require registration. 5. Effects of stains brought about by chemicals or too much mildew due to need for cleaning is not under the warranty. Warrantees usually offer satisfactory coverage but are not one hundred percent. What is the coverage of guarantee under one year labor? Example, a product or service falters in just the first year. It will be changed or fixed without charge. To sum it up, if a high priced product is purchased, the coverage will be 100%. As product price decreases, so does the value of the coverage. It is not the manufacturer’s fault that less coverage is given for cheap products. Product information and warranty or guarantee inclusions should be thoroughly understood by the potential buyers before signing anything. Always be on the lookout for contractors that adhere to specific brands for a long time. Chances are they have valid reasons why they remain loyal. Everyone is like a faithful contractor who looks for good service. These contractors are always on stand by to give service. Warranties and product quality concerns also keep good contractors on their toes. On the other hand, bad contractors do not care at all for product quality and warranty. They are always scouting for the cheapest product on sale and totally disregarding the warrantees and services that it could entail in the future. What are written warranties? Written warranties are not compulsory under the law but are commonly found in major purchases. Here are some tips to consider in looking for warranties. • What is the amount of time provided by the warranty? Always make sure to take note of the beginning and expiration of warranties and also the terms that may nullify it. • Who is the person in charge of providing the warranty? The coverage will be provided either by the manufacturer or seller so it should be made sure which of these two. • What are the specific steps to be undertaken when there is a product failure? Check if the company, provider or seller will fix the product, change it with a new one or give the money back. • What are the parts and specific product failures covered by the warranty? Buyers should thoroughly examine if there are product parts or kinds that are not part of the warranty coverage. Examples are warranties that ask for payment for work done during the repair process. Be wary of inclusions that could be potentially costly or inconvenient. An example of this is transporting a heavy or huge product to a factory for repair or the product should be given back with its original case intact. • Are “consequential damages” covered by the warranty? There are warranties that do not include damages affected by the product or based on the time and money spent in repairing the damages. An example of this is when a newly bought freezer bogs down and the food is spoiled. The seller or manufacturer is not compelled to pay for the food. • What are the warranty limitations? There are warranties that only give the warranty coverage if the status of the product is maintained as cited in the condition. Certain warranties specify products like washing machines to be used for home use only. If the washing machine is used in a commercial enterprise and breaks down, no warranty will be given. Buyers should always read the warranty or guarantee terms before purchasing any product if they want to make the most out of their hard earned money.

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Utility Trailers: Different Types And Uses

Are you planning a long haul trip or moving house with your family to another city? And are you a bit worried about the management of your furniture and possessions? How will you carry items like beds, cupboards, your play station, clothes, and all the other things? How would you manage? Well the answer is simple, get yourself a utility trailer. A utility trailer is an engine-less and a motor-less trailer used to carry items. It is pulled by a powered vehicle with engine. It might be your car or might be a truck. . Utility trailers are used all over the world for transportation of heavy goods for long distances. Trailers can carry large number of goods at a time. Utility trailers are used for transporting almost anything. They can be used as bike trailers, car trailers, truck trailers or snowmobile trailers. Let’s discuss some aspects of utility trailers here. Types of Utility trailers Utility trailers are basically available as enclosed and open utility trailers. Open utility trailers are the one which do not provide coverage to the cargo from external elements. If weather is not a problem for you, buying an open utility trailer would be a wise and economical choice. These open trailers usually range from about $900 to $2500. You can buy a utility trailer if you are planning to start a small landscaping business. You can carry your essential equipments quite easily in this trailer. Open utility trailers are also lighter as compared to enclosed trailers. On the other hand enclosed utility trailers provide security to your cargo. They combine essential features of weather protection and theft protection. These trailers are lockable to give your cargo maximum protection. These trailers cost around $1600-$5000. There are several other types of utility trailers available to you. Boat Trailers Small Box Trailers Flat Bed Trailers Stock Trailers Van Trailers Semi Trailers– if pulled by a power unit of less than 26,000 GVW Pole Trailers– if pulled by a power unit of less than 26,000 GVW Horse Trailers Utility trailers are made, keeping in mind some basic things like strength, towing stability, versatility and flexibility. By versatility of a utility trailer we mean that it should be able to accommodate various load equipments like snowmobile, automobiles and much more. By flexibility we mean that it should be adjustable to varying hauling requirements. Basically a trailer should have enough strength and durability to carry the requisite amount of load which is required, without too many hassles. Utility Trailer- sizes and elements Utility trailers are available in different sizes and shapes as per your needs. The sizes of utility trailers vary extensively such as 5 x 8/10, 5.3 x 8, 6.4 x 16 and many more. Manufacturers from all over the world make 5x 10 utility trailers for general usage. The size of the trailer bed is 5 ft. x 8/10 ft long. Maximum capacities of trailer beds vary. A general capacity of a 5 x 10 utility trailer is 3500 pounds. The capacities of trailers vary as they differ in size. It could go up to 24,000 pounds. This weight is inclusive of the trailer weight. Utility trailers are made up of steel or aluminum. They have a floating axle, which allows them to adjust to different load requirements. It also contains a long tongue for vehicle maneuverability and spacing. A utility trailer also includes heavy-duty spring suspensions, wheels, tires, safety chain and side lighting. A utility trailer has an essential back bumper. Trailer brakes form an essential part of utility trailers. Though the usage of a trailer is dependent on load and the tow vehicle, still they make a considerable part of utility trailers. Trailer lights, rear lights and running lights are also an important component of utility trailers. Before Buying a Utility Trailer Buying a utility trailer certainly fulfills your needs, but what exactly is your need. The first thing before buying a utility trailer is discovering your need— why you want to buy it. You should consider the type of braking system you want for your utility trailer. You can choose from the electric braking and surge braking. You should carefully check the trailer for bolts. If a trailer is joined by a good number of bolts, you should not consider buying it; instead consider buying a trailer which is welded together. Further ask a lot of question on various aspects of utility trailers from the dealer. Clarify any concerns with your dealer to ensure that you are buying the right trailer for you. And enjoy hassle-free load transportation.

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Omaha Rules: How to Play Omaha Poker

Omaha poker is starting to become almost as popular as Texas Holdem poker in casino poker rooms, online poker sites and live poker tournaments. Omaha poker rules are similar to Texas Holdem rules. In both poker variations the dealers deals community cards, which can be shared by all the players. However, Omaha poker and Texas Holdem poker are different games and they certainly require using different strategy. Omaha poker can be played as fixed limit, no limit or pot limit. In addition, Omaha poker can be played as high or high low split. Here you can find introduction to both Omaha high and Omaha high low rules. Omaha High Rules The play begins with the player to the dealers immediate left who posts the small blind, usually the amount of half of the minimum bet. For example, in a 4/8 dollars limit game, the small blind will be 2 dollars. Then, the player to the left of the small blind posts the big blind, which is the size of the minimum bet, 4 dollars according to this example. After the blinds are posted, the dealer deals each player four face down cards, starting from the small blind and continuing clockwise. The first round of betting begins with the player to the big blind left who can choose between calling, raising or folding. If he chooses to call, he has to place a bet equal to the size of the minimum bet, if he raises, he places a bet double the amount of the minimum bet, and if he chooses to fold, he forfeits his hand. The first round of betting continues until it gets to the player who posted the small blind. If he chooses to call, he can place only half of the minimum bet, which together with the small blind will complete the amount of the minimum bet. Afterwards, the round of betting gets to the big blind who can either raise or check. After the first round of betting is complete, the dealer places three face up cards in the center of the table. These are known as community cards and this stage of the game is called the flop. After the flop, the second round of betting begins with the player to the dealers left. The minimum bet remains 4 dollars. When the second round of betting is done, the dealer places a fourth community card in the center of the casino table, known as the turn. Then, begins another round of betting in which the minimum bet raises to 8 dollars. This round of betting starts with the player to the dealers left. After this betting round, the dealer will place the last community card in the center of the table, which is called the river. The river is followed by the final round of betting with a minimum bet of 8 dollars. After the last round of betting, all the remaining players are exposing their hands, known as the showdown. Each player has to use two cards of his four cards and three of the five community cards to form the highest possible five cards hand. In an Omaha high game, the player whose five card hand is the highest wins the pot. Omaha High Low Rules Omaha high low is played exactly like Omaha high until the showdown. In Omaha high low, the pot is split between two winners: the player who had formed the highest hand and the player who has the best low hand. If none of the players has a qualifying low hand, the player who holds the highest hand wins the entire pot. Omaha high low is also referred to as Omaha 8 or better. It means that in order to qualify as low hand, the hand cannot contain any 8s or cards of higher value. The best possible low hand is called the wheel. A, 2, 3, 4, 5. Ace value can be either high or low and flushes and straights are disregarded. It sometimes occurs in Omaha high low poker game that the pot splits between more than two players. It can also happen that one player, who holds both high and low hands at the same five card poker hand, wins the entire pot.

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Truck Seat Covers For Monster Protection

If you want some hard action when driving, trucks are the most appropriate vehicles. Of course, if you want to protect your truck’s car seats, you will need more than just ordinary seat covers. What you need is a seat cover that is equally strong and reliable like its user - truck seat covers. Truck seat covers provide optimum protection to your upholsteries and renders advantages in many ways. 1. Creativity Truck seat covers give your truck a distinctive display or design. This can either illuminate your truck’s interior design or amplify its contents! 2. Protection What could be more important in driving your monster truck but to protect it so as to keep it in top shape? Truck seat covers are ergonomically designed to render utmost protection against harmful elements that may trigger your upholsteries deterioration. Plus, if your seats are already destroyed or have holes in them, a seat cover can effectively hide those unsightly aspects of your seats and at the same time provide optimal comfort. 3. Normal Wear And Tear Trucks are like SUVs or Family Sedans - the whole family can be accommodated, trucks are most often used in camping, picnics, and other vigorous activities because they can carry more load compared with what SUVs and cars can do. And so, because of increased exposure to a lot of elements brought about by different activities, trucks are vulnerable to a lot of harmful elements that mat destroy the seats like: Moisture. Whether your family went swimming, surfing, or even mountain climbing or strolling, the moisture left in your clothes can have great effects on your truck’s upholstery. Generally, most truck’s upholstery is made up of leather. And we all know for a fact that leathers hate waters. It is their number one enemy. And so, protecting them with truck seat covers against moisture will provide a longer life span for your truck upholstery. Friction No one would ever think that the actual activity of getting in and out of the truck can put more pressure upon the seats. And the friction that is initiated by merely rubbing against your truck’s upholstery is enough to damage your seats. You will only see the effects as time wears it out. And so, the most feasible way to avoid such spoilage is to cover up them up with truck seat covers. It will provide enough barriers against you and your upholstery. Ultraviolet destruction What you thought is only harmful to the skin is equally damaging to your truck’s upholstery. Because upholsteries are made up of leather, they are vulnerable to sun damage because the ultraviolet rays of the suns dries out the oils present in the leather seats. Without these lubricants, the upholstery may dry out and eventually will crack. So, to avoid this kind of problem, it is best to cover your truck’s upholstery with truck seat covers. Unavoidable accidents. We all know for a fact that accidents do happen and they are really unavoidable. Such case applies to your truck’s upholstery. Without the protection that truck seat covers can bring, your upholstery is doomed to accidents like spills, oily stuffs from potato chips, pet’s dung, and other dirty elements. But if you have your upholstery covered up with nice sets of truck seat covers, you can be assured of stain-free truck seats ahead. 4. Different Kinds of Truck Seat Covers Truck seat covers vary with different colors and designs. But what makes it more appropriate protection for your truck seats is that it is available in three different fittings, individually capable of providing you the kinds of fitting that you want. Semi-custom fittings Among the three truck seat covers, semi-custom fit is the most common among truck owners. This is because most trucks have different huge seats that typical fittings cannot be accommodated. And so, with a combination of custom-made and a little patterned design, semi-custom fit is the ideal truck seat covers for every truck users. 2. Custom seat These are exclusively tailor-made just for your truck’s seats. In making these seat covers, careful considerations where given to every details of your seats. That is why custom fittings are more expensive than the other two. 3. Ultimate fit covers. The last type of fittings in trucks is the Ultimate Seat covers. It is made up of original automotive grade fabric that is specially designed to give the truck’s upholstery utmost protection.

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Los Nombres Detras de Las Bandas de Musica

Muchas bandas de música son nombradas a partir de diferentes situaciones, personas o cosas que jamás te haz imaginado. Aquí te contaremos todas las historias detrás de las bandas de música más famosas de la historia. Los orígenes de las bandas de rock y seudónimos de artistas son un misterio que te revelaremos aquí. Diviértete! 1) Los Bee Gees: Los hermanos Giba primero tuvieron en mente el nombre de " Los Rattlensnakes" para su banda. Luego tuvieron la idea de honorar las iniciales de los dos hermanos Giba y un amigo cercano y uno de sus primeros soportes, DJ Hill Gates, quien no tiene nada que ver con el fundador de Microsoft. Es así como Los Bee Gees fueron nombrados luego de las iniciales Bill Gates. 2) Bob Dylan: Su nombre original es Robert Zimmerman, y era demasiado largo y además el era un fanático de Dylan Thomas. 3) The Doors: Primero fueron nombrados Psychedelic Ranger. Luego fueron inspirados por una cita de William Blake: "si las puertas (doors) de la percepción serian lavadas, todo aparecería al hombre como es, infinito." 4) Elton John: Su nombre real es Reginald Dwight. Tomo su nombre artístico de otros músicos británicos, Elton Dean y John Baldry. 5) Elvis Costello: Nació llamado Decían Patrick McManus. Cuando comenzó su carrera musical, adopto un alias creado por una combinación de Elvis Presley y Lou Costello, simplemente porque representa lo opuesto de el otro Elvis. 6) Eurythmics: Su nombre es originado en un sistema de instrucción musical de 1890 que se focaliza en respuestas físicas. 7) Everything but the Girl: Se inspiraron en una propaganda de ropa británica que vendía todo menos a la chica (Everything but the girl). La implicación era que todo estaba en rebajas menos las cosas de chica. 8) Green Day: Si fumas marihuana y luego te relajas todo el día, has tenido un día verde (Green Day). 9) Guns and Roses: De los nombres de Axl Rose y Tracii Guns. 10) Marilyn Manson: El seudónimo del líder de la banda mezclo dos de las celebridades favoritas americanas: Marilyn Monroe y Charles Manson. Otros miembros de la banda usan los pseudonimos Ginger Fish, Twiggy Ramirez y Madonna Wayne Gacy. 11) Nirvana: En el budismo significa el estado de bendición perfecta obtenida por la destrucción de uno mismo. 12) Pet Shop Boys: En la disco gay "underground" habían los cuartos oscuros en los cuales no sabes con quien estas teniendo sexo. Una variación son los Pet Shops: no sabes con lo que lo estas haciendo. 13) Queen: Una palabra que caracteriza a los travestis y la realeza. Connotaciones perfectas para el nombre de la banda en los ojos de Freddie Mercury. 14) Ramones: Una historia un poco "freaky". En el principio de su carrera, Paul McCartney se llamaba a si mismo Paul Ramone. 15) R.E.M: "Rapad Eye Movement" Movimiento rápido de ojos, que es un estado de sueño. 16) TLC: Las iniciales de los apodos de los miembros de la banda son T Boz, Left Eye y Chilli. También sugiere los acrónimos de "Tender, Loving y Care". 17) UB40: La banda fue desde un principio relacionada con temas políticos y fue nombrada a partir de un formulario de desempleo en británico. 18) U2: Un tipo de avión espía usado por los estados unidos, Bono explico una vez que U2 creció de pensamientos de interacción con la audiencia... como en "you too" (vos también). 19) Velvet Underground: Nombrados a partir de un titulo de un libro de sexo desconocido que uno de los miembros de la banda había encontrado tirado en la calle. 20) XTC: Esta banda de punk fue formada en 1976 antes de que usar drogas sea popular. La banda había cambiado su nombre original Star Park luego de mirar a Jimmy Durante clip en el que dice:"Estoy en Éxtasis!" 21) Yeh Yeh Yeh: De acuerdo a Karen O, la inspiración de esta banda de Hip hop vino de la frase Newyorkina que significa "Whatever".

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Unleash The Horses With A Performance Exhaust System Upgrade

Stock exhaust systems are designed simply to provide a conduit for spent gases to move from your engine to your tailpipe - no more, no less. On the other hand, performance exhaust systems are engineered to maximize your engine's exhaust flow, giving you: - Serious horsepower and torque gains - Distinctive, growling exhaust tone - Improved fuel economy Horsepower and torque In case you skipped out on Auto Shop back in high school, I am here to give you a quick lesson on the mysterious inner-workings of your engine's cylinders. Without cylinders, your vehicle could not drive around, unless you could convince your friends to lend you their backs and push you all over town. That's because the majority of your horsepower is generated right there in your cylinders through a fairly straightforward process, called combustion. First, the cylinder sucks a mixture of oxygen and fuel (gasoline or diesel) into its chamber, where it is then ignited by a spark plug or glow stick. These three ingredients create a controlled explosion, or combustion, which generates both energy and waste gases. That energy transforms into wheel-turning torque to propel you down the road, but the exhaust is a cloud of useless particles that would clog up your engine if left to linger in the piston chamber. That's where the exhaust system comes into action. The spent gases are exhaled, traveling out of the engine through your exhaust manifold, and they eventually exit out the back of your vehicle. The faster the exhaust gets out of the way, the easier it is for your engine to breathe, which means more horsepower, torque and fun behind the wheel. The problem with stock exhaust systems is that they are not optimized for the best possible flow. Auto manufacturers spend much more time thinking about the shape and placement of your air vents than they do planning your exhaust pipes. What's the result of their neglect? Your motor has to work harder during combustion, which robs you of valuable horsepower, torque and fuel economy. A performance exhaust system will harness the potential power that your engine is wasting because of its inefficient stock exhaust. Quick-installing, bolt-on performance exhaust systems improve your power by: - Drastically reducing restrictions in your pipes - Increasing the puny diameter of stock pipes - Improving engine scavenging The Growl With a performance exhaust system, you not only feel the power every time your foot hits the peddle, but you also hear it thundering and rolling around you. Nothing quite improves your vehicle's presence as a throaty, rumbling exhaust system. When you hear each and every piston firing in rapid succession, you truly comprehend the unbridled force lurking under your hood. Stock exhaust systems try to hold back your engine's naturally forceful tone with thick-walled exhaust manifolds and mufflers that stifle your vehicle's rich resonance, rather than enhance it. When it comes to the sound of your vehicle, the muffler has the most impact. Of course, you can tell by its name that a muffler's job is to dampen the sounds pouring out of your tailpipes. Without a muffler, your vehicle would sound like a string of M80 firecrackers exploding in a metal trashcan. On the other hand, a stock muffler suppresses the naturally aggressive rumble of a strong engine to a spineless wimper. Take control of the tone of your vehicle with a performance exhaust system for the perfect balance of sound and suppression. Fuel Economy Unless you've got your own oil derrick churning out barrels of Texas Tea in your backyard, chances are you too are feeling the pinch at the pump due to the rising costs of gasoline. And while it might sound too good to be true that you can get better fuel economy along with serious performance boosts, we're not pulling your leg. That's because the same overall improvements that lead to greater performance are improving your engine's overall efficiency. You see, when the exhaust is flowing unrestricted down wider pipes with the right amount of vacuum left behind to keep the cycle running smoothly, your cylinders empty themselves of more and more waste gases. And when there are fewer impurities in the cylinder, your mixture of gas and oxygen burns purer, giving you greater horsepower without having to have a serious lead foot. These straightforward improvements in efficiency can result in around a 1 or 2% overall increase in fuel economy, saving you big every time the fuel gauge in your vehicle starts creeping down towards "E." I'm convinced and I hope your are as well that the exhaust system upgrade that you end up with will improve performance, looks, and maybe even set off your neighbor's car alarm!.......:)

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Repowering utility carts makes Green Sense, But does it make financial sense?

Golfers at the Hindman Park Golf Course in Little Rock, Arkansa have something to brag about – they have the greenest greens in the state. Not the color green – green as in environmentally friendly. Environmentally friendly golf courses came to national attention about ten years ago, when the Environmental Protection Agency, the American Society of Golf Course Architects (ASGCA), the United States Golf Association (USGA), Audubon International and the National Wildlife Federation came together and created a set of guidelines for developing greener golf courses. According to the Audubon Society, golf courses are a natural place (no pun intended) to turn for wildlife shelters and habitats. The guidelines, published in 1997, offer tips and suggestions for golf course owners and municipalities that make the greens even greener environmentally. Hindman Park’s Supervisor took their suggestions to heart. He and his crew have put up over 40 nesting boxes around the course, and planted 100 fruit trees to encourage and attract wildlife. The intent is to add another 100 trees each of the next four years – all of which will grow without the aid of pesticides or fertilizers. The partnership between golf courses and environmentalists is a new one – but it shouldn’t be a surprising one. After all, part of the pleasure of golfing is in being a part of the natural outdoor world. Preserving that world so that golfers can continue to enjoy it should be part of taking care of the golf course. Throughout the country, municipal and private golf courses are taking their stewardship of the land seriously by instilling new methods of irrigation and greens keeping. While most of the attention has focused on designing environmentally friendly golf courses, the decisions that the grounds service makes every day can also affect how green a golf course is – and not by picking a new fertilizer. The engines that power grounds keeping and grooming equipment are one of the targets of environmentalist concern. The NOx emissions of diesel and gas powered equipment – particularly older equipment – are often well above the new emissions standards. Replacing older engines on machines like lawnmowers, sand groomers, utility carts and tractors can go a long way toward cutting down on the noxious fumes that pollute the atmosphere. New equipment must meet the new EPA standards for emissions control – but the price is often out of reach, especially for a small private course or a municipal course struggling to stay within the Parks & Rec budget. There is an easy solution – don’t replace. Repower the equipment with new, cleaner engines. For the cost of a new Toro Sand Pro, you can repower your old Toro Sand Pro with a new kohler engine, and usually have enough left to repower four Toro Greensmaster lawnmowers. If you choose to repower a Rake-o-Vac instead of replacing it with a new one for $31,000, you can practically repower your entire fleet! Choosing to repower doesn’t just make financial sense. It makes green sense. By replacing old engines with new Kohler repower engines, you reduce the NOx emissions of your fleet by as much as 70%. In addition, since you’re not scrapping your old machine, it won’t be sitting in a landfill challenging the Earth to break it down and deal with it. Green is a label that golf courses have always worn with pride, and now it’s more of a badge than ever. Make your golf course a greener place to be – consider repowering your old machines with a much more efficient, more powerful and more environmentally friendly kohler engines. © Ben Anton, 2006

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Why Hybrid Car Drivers Need Thick Skin

Buying a hybrid car is more than a calculated decision to save fuel. It is a statement about "saving the planet". Even if the chances are pretty slim that hybrid technology will actually make much difference, it gives hybrid owners the right to feel superior. After all, they care about the planet. And the rest of the world obviously doesn't. But if you're one of those hybrid owners you'd better be ready to lose some friends. Here's why... 1. You're Driving Way Too Slow In theory at least, hybrid owners are the antithesis of those guys who just ache to get in that passing lane and leave the rest of us behind. You know the type...you're minding your own business coming out onto the expressway and the otherwise ordinary guy in the vehicle behind you swings out and passes even before you've hit the highway. Hybrid owners seem to do just the opposite. You've known for years that driving slow saves fuel. So you're likely to be driving under the speed limit rather than over like the rest of the world. The fact that you're driving a hybrid just makes it worse, since you know that all the potential savings are squandered if you try to go fast. Especially when you're accelerating. That guy in the high powered vehicle who pulls out and passes... the thought of saving gas has never crossed his mind. But hydrid owners know better. For you it's a moral duty to save fuel. The fate of the planet depends on it. So there's no way you're going to try any of that fast acceleration stuff. 2. What's with the Pulse and Glide Stuff You've been told that "pulse and glide" can make a serious difference to your gas milage. That's where you accelerate (conservatively) to the speed limit, and then let the car "glide" to 10 or more miles per hour below the speed limit. Repeat this procedure. Repeat this procedure. Repeat this procedure... I once had a friend who drove like this. I thought he was dozing off between pulses, but now I know differently. He was actually doing the environmentally responsible thing. My friend's driving habits aside, this practice is not going to endear you to all the rest of the drivers who can't figure out why you keep slowing down. It's probably smart to speed up just a little when you find yourself in anything other than the "slow" lane. All bets are off when they let you use the carpool lane. 3. You Just Won't Inch Forward Will You! Everybody else in the world knows that you must "inch" forward during stop and go traffic. How else are you going to keep up with the driver in front. Besides, if you leave more than about a 15' gap between you and the guy ahead somebody's going to jump into the gap and slow you down even more. Hybrid drivers have been told this "inching forward" stuff is pointless and wastes fuel. And the way they build hybrids these days they've got a point. When you take your foot off the brake pedal the auto-stop turns off and the gasoline engine restarts -- like one of those gasoline engine golf carts. And there goes most of your gas savings. All those stops and starts just eat up the gas. But don't expect your mono-drive cousins to understand. They've only got one thing in mind: to get wherever they're going just as fast as possible. And everybody knows that racing up behind the guy in front is the only way to make that happen. 4. Do you really think you should be drafting me like that? The responsible hybrid owner will make use of every advantage to save gas. And drafting larger vehicles is one technique that the more aggressive will try. That's where you pull right up behind a semi, a van, or an SUV and try to stay in the pocket of air they are pulling along behind them. I remember doing this with an old '65 Beetle a few years back. We were travelling along the New York Thruway drafting semis. We were making great time and saving lots of gas... until we blew a rod. Of course, sticking on someone’s bumper will not endear you to too many of your fellow drivers. And as I discovered, it's a bit dangerous too. You'll find yourself going quite a bit faster than you otherwise would go. And whipping along in that back-draft does not do a lot for your stability. Just try to remember, when you're out there on the highway trying to save the planet, the rest of the world could care less about your morally superiour driving habits. All they want to do is get where they're going as fast as they can.

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Safety Instructions About Forklifts

Forklifts are industrial vehicles made to take the place of manual lifting and manual work. There are two “forks” or arms located at the front of the vehicle that are used to lift, lower, stack and unstack heavy loads. The loads are usually stacked on top of wooden pallets that the arms or forks fit into to bring a large quantity of things up or down at once. The drivers cause almost 50% of accidents involving forklifts. Normally, the driver has hit a pedestrian. Therefore, forklifts and people should not be in the vicinity of each other. Some other forklift related accidents include: Forklift tipping over and overturning Collision with other vehicles or stationary objects Part of the operator's body leaning out of the cabin and hitting an object The load falling off the pallets There are things that can be done by the employee to reduce the number of forklift accidents. First, the driver should always perform a pre-safety check of the vehicle before operating. Once the driver sees that all is in tact, while driving the vehicle the driver should use safe handling procedures of the load. This includes paying close attention to the load limit of each particular forklift. Since forklifts are a gas-powered vehicle, gasoline limits and storage should be carefully observed. In addition to safe fuel use, the battery also needs to be handled and cared for properly to ensure safety. Here are a few safety procedures that should be followed by all employees. Some of them may seem like common sense, but they are so important that they are in need of repeating. Passengers on forklifts to be strictly forbidden, unless there is a separate seat provided with a restraint Other people kept clear when forklift is operating Operator should take care when moving between artificial and natural light Load made secure and lowered to safe centre of gravity before carrying Sudden stops and starts are to be avoided No part of the operator's body to protrude beyond the overhead protection Ramps not to be used unless the forklift operator is trained in their use Operator to remain seated and secured at all times Forklift to operate within a designated area, separate from pedestrians Operator to remain in the cabin when a forklift overturns Most importantly: PEOPLE SHOULD NEVER BE RAISED ON THE FORKLIFT OR THE PALLETS IF THERE IS NO OTHER WAY TO LIFT A WORKER, A PROPER WORK PLATFORM MUST BE USED In addition to checking the vehicle daily for safety hazards, the workplace should also be checked for the following: Power-lines Blind corners Pedestrian areas Low doorways Uneven floors Ramps Overhead pipes and fittings Confined spaces Adequate lighting Noise Above all else, a training coarse must be completed before attempting to drive or operate a forklift. Besides formal instruction, the training must include practical training (such as demonstrations) and an evaluation of the operator in the workplace to assure that he can operate the forklift safely. Initial training content must consist of both truck-related topics and workplace-related topics. Some truck-related topics include: operating instructions, warnings and precautions specific to the trucks the employee will be authorized to operate differences between the truck and the automobile truck controls and instrumentation engine or motor operation steering and maneuvering visibility fork and attachment adaptation, operation and use limitations; vehicle capacity vehicle stability any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the operator must perform; refueling and/or charging and recharging of batteries operating limitations any other information from the forklift operator's manual. Some workplace related topics include: surface conditions where the vehicle will be operated composition of loads and load stability load manipulation, stacking and unstacking pedestrian traffic narrow aisles and other restricted places where the vehicle will be operated any hazardous (classified) locations, such as flammable storage areas, where the vehicle will be operated ramps and other sloped surfaces; closed environments and other areas where insufficient ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could cause a buildup of carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust; and other unique or potentially hazardous environmental conditions in the workplace.

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Where To Get Great Used Cars

A franchised new car dealership is a reliable, if not the only, source for anyone who wants to buy a new car. But to those who prefer buying used or previously owned cars, there are plenty of options and sources one could choose from to be able to make that vehicle purchase the perfect one. The following are some of the readily as well as easily available resources to consider when buying a used car. The Used Car Superstore Imagine it as the Wal-Mart of used cars. There have been numerous used car superstores that have mushroomed for the last five years. These superstores usually have a large inventory of used cars, more or less numbering from four hundred to five hundred vehicles. The cars found in these stores more often than not are late models. The vehicles found in these stores came from auctions that cater specially to car dealers. The good thing about buying from these used car superstores is that the warranty they provide are often equivalent to the warranty coverage provided by dealers who sell new cars. However, it is still best to compare. New Car Dealer The logic here is that since new car buyers usually trade in their old cars when they buy a new one, the collection that new car dealerships have are almost always extensive. So used car buyers have a wider range of vehicles to choose from. Also, new car dealerships provide better reconditioning to the used cars traded to them. They are also more reliable source of used cars because their business is more established compared to other used car dealers. Be aware though that sometimes it would take a lot of negotiation on the price of the vehicle to be purchased. They may also attempt to make you buy more cars than what you would actually need. Used Car Dealers There are a hundred used car dealerships in every area of the state. Sometimes, they occupy a small section that contains not more than fifteen cars in a lot. Other used car dealerships, usually the more established ones, have a total of one hundred cars in their vicinity. The great thing about buying from used car dealers is that the prices they offer are a lot less than new car dealerships. Also, it is fairly easier to negotiate with them. A little bit of not so good news though, the quality of these cars are usually less than the new ones of course. There are also not many great selections to choose from. Private Owners The good thing about buying from private owners, the price that they offer are usually reasonable compared to other dealers because this is in accordance with book values. One also would get the opportunity to actually speak with the owner of the vehicle and witness for yourself how the car was cared for or not so cared for. A potential disadvantage of this scenario, however, is that it could be a bit inconvenient driving to the private owner’s place especially if one is considering looking at eight different cars. Basically that would be eight different places, time and appointments. Beware though; private owners who have a stable of used cars to sell may actually be a dealer. Do not be afraid to ask if you could possibly see the title and registration. Start to get suspicious if you see it has only been a few days old. Car Auctions The last decade has seen the development of public auctions for vehicles. Originally, auctions like these are reserved primarily for licensed car dealers. Now, even individuals have the opportunity to bid aggressively for used cars. The quality of these cars put up for auction, as well as the selections of vehicles, actually vary from one auction to another. There are those auctions which specialize dealing in late model vehicles while there are others which dedicate themselves to cheaper and less expensive vehicles. The good thing about buying used cars from auctions is that one could conveniently compare prices and cars because they are shown side by side with each other. Also, the prices that they offer are most likely lower than they do dealerships. However, there is not much chance for one to thoroughly inspect the vehicle being auctioned off. And since one is buying from an auction, it is therefore understood that all sales are final. Any car purchased is automatically yours. Plus, the bidding frenzy could take a hold on anyone and there is a great possibility that one could pay way too much than what a vehicle actually costs.

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There Are Many Different Types Of Recreational Vehicles

Recreational vehicles (RVs) are, basically, mobile homes. But RVs are not only mobile homes; some, as in Australia, are sports utility vehicles (SUVs). These are enclosed equipment vehicles that provide space for relaxation and entertainment. They also have means to carry bikes, boats, and other recreational items. Comfort and convenience are primary in recreational vehicles. These recreational vehicles, either bought or rented in North America and Canadian, serve for vacation travel, leisure trips, near or far, for family or groups of people who have shared plans. These look just right at the beach, resorts, picnic and camping areas, amusement parks, golf clubs, music concerts, and state parks. Homes-on-wheels, the larger recreational vehicles provide every convenience for adults and children, including TV (even satellite TV), DVD/CD entertainment centers, food preparation, sleeping areas, spacious tables, living areas, refrigerators, compactable seating, computer and Internet access, and an overall attractive, state-of-the-art appearance. These usually have great gas mileage and cost anywhere from $10,000 to $1,000,000, depending on size and amenities. Classes of recreational vehicles are as follows: Truck Camper—this recreational vehicle has an appended but spatially limited living space appended to the chassis with a cap hooked on the top. Folding Camper Trailer—this pop-up lightweight recreational vehicle can be compacted for convenient storage. It can be towed by several vehicles. Travel Trailer—this recreational vehicle is basically a camper trailer with a table, bathroom, sleeping area, and a bumper with a towing hitch. Hybrid Trailer—similar to the travel trailer, the hybrid trailers recreational vehicle features a pull-out tent section over one part, which are typically beds. The other side has walls and a collapsible roof for towing convenience. Fifth-Wheel Travel Trailer—this recreational vehicle has a hitch and can be towed by pick ups and other medium-weight vehicles. Toy Hauler—this recreational vehicle is a motor home with a living area, a “garage” for motorcycle/ATV storage, and a fifth-wheel travel trailer. Park Model—much like the travel trailer, this recreational vehicle needs a special tow vehicle for movement. A Highway-Movement Permit is required. Motor Home—this recreational vehicle is also called a Winnebago. This comes in three sub-classes: Class A: Motor Coach – this ranges from 26 to 45 feet long and are built on large chasses, such as those designed for busses and commercial trucks. Class B: Campervan – a converted van with a raised roof or low-profile body in the rear. These range from 19 to 24 feet long. Class C: Motor Home – truck- or van-based with some living space. The length of this class varies from 17 to 34 feet. Toterhome—having an uncommon name, this recreational vehicle refers to a motor Home built on a freighterliner truck chassis and is designed to pull heavy loads while still boasting all the amenities and features of a large motor Home. Recreational vehicles come in many shapes, sizes, and makes, with varied sets of amenities, depending on the individual’s particular preferences and desires. These vehicles, although on a much smaller, can be arguably and comparably considered resorts on wheels (without the casinos), like mini-resorts or mini-hotel suites. Whatever variant is considered, comfort and enjoyment are a sure thing!

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Minor Car Accidents - A Minute By Minute Survival Guide

What do you do if you have a minor collision with another vehicle on the road? First 30 seconds: 1.Stay in the car. 2.Put your emergency flashers and headlights on full beam. 3.Switch off the engine. 4.Apply the handbrake. 5.Take deep breaths. 6.Check your passengers, especially children and old people are OK. Second 30 seconds, if no-one is more than shaken up: 1.Check for signs of aggression from the other driver 2.If other driver is aggressive, stay in the car and ring the police. 3.If other driver is behaving in a reasonable way then open your door and get out. 4.Remember that everyone has elevated adrenaline levels in this situation and strive to think - calm. 5.Call the police Next 4 minutes: 1.Consider whether your passengers are safer inside the car or outside. 2.Ask nearby drivers for their details and if they would be willing to act as witnesses. 3.Talk to the other driver, but never admit any responsibility for the accident. 4.Leave the car where it is, until the police have arrived, even if it is causing an obstruction. Next 5 minutes: 1.Take photographs of cars and licence plates. Discretely try to include the other driver in your shots. 2.Take photos of the junction and road layout where the accident happened. Include road condition and weather. 3.Make notes. Was the other car driving with headlights? Was the other driver wearing glasses, or sunglasses? Did the other driver seem distracted by children or anything else in the car. Was the other driver drinking, using a phone or smoking when theaccident happened? Next 15 minutes: 1.By now the police should have arrived. Answer their questions and stay calm. 2.Tell the police officer of any observations that are relevant, such as if the other driver was using a phone, or had no lights on. 3.Move your vehicle once the police officer has completed any measurements or other necessary observations. 4.Ask the police officer what the next stage is. Will there be any prosecution? 5.The police officer may give you an indication whether your vehicle is safe to drive home. 6.Make sure the police officer gives you an Incident Number and his or her name and number. 7.If your vehicle cannot be driven call a vehicle recovery service. Later: Call your insurance company and ask for a list of autobody repair facilities that they deal with in your area. Find help at http://www.autobody-repairs.info Your insurer will almost certainly have a list of Approved Repairers. These will be companies that the insurer has found inspected and found acceptable. Many companies will inflate estimates if they know that the bill is going to be paid by an insurance company. The estimates provided by Approved Repairers have been judged reasonable and uninflated. The workshop receives a large part of its business from the insurance companies so are well motivated to stick to their rules, and not to add on damage repairs not arising from the insured accident. To receive approval status the bodyshop will need to have jigs, paint-shops and ovens to heat the painted parts to ensure the work is up to the original quality. While your car is in the bodyshop, ask them for estimates to make good any other body work damage that has not arisen from the accident. You will have to pay for this yourself, but the price is likely to be lower than if you just drove in off the street to have those jobs done.

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Test Driving Tips

Are you thinking of getting a used car? Are you searching for tips on what to check and look for when considering buying a car? It is of utmost importance to have a thorough knowledge of the car that you are going to acquire. This will ensure your enjoyment and contentment for the years to come using your car. The proper mind set First of all, you must keep in mind that test driving a car is not a simple procedure. It will determine the claimed performance of the car you want by the dealer and contrast it with the performance in real conditions. This is the time wherein you can see if the car that you have always wanted measures up with your ideals and standards. Prepare a checklist of criteria It is important to make a checklist of criteria by which you will be able to judge a car's performance without having any problems regarding objectivity. It will help you see the car's advantages and disadvantages without the influence of other factors that are not as important. This will also enable you to conduct the test drive faster since you already have a set list of the things that you are looking for in a car. Explore other weather conditions You should consider test driving a car in inclement weather conditions to have a better feel of the car's overall performance regardless of the type of weather it will be used in. It is good to know the car's feel when driving in rainy conditions or at night. If the dealer requires that a representative accompany you on the test drive, let the person know what you are planning to do and what route you will be taking. Drive in different kinds of terrain When test driving a car, outline a route that will take you to different kinds of terrain like bumpy roads and steep hills. When checking a car's turning capabilities and braking power, consider doing it in a side street that has very little traffic. If you are going to evaluate the car's acceleration and speed, then taking it to the open highway or the interstate is a good idea. You should also do a lot of driving on the types of roads that you encounter in everyday driving like your route from work going to your house or vice-versa. Inside the car When you are inside the car and behind the wheel, some of the things that you should check are the following: Look to see if the gauges are working properly and are easy to read. Make certain you can easily see beyond the steering wheel and it does not in any way obstruct your view. On the dashboard After checking the gauges and steering wheel, the next thing to look at is the dashboard. Check that all the dashboard controls are within easy reach and you do not need to significantly move out of a comfortable driving position. Search for any extensions on the dashboard that may potentially cause injury to the driver or passenger during sudden stops or when surging forward. Visibility Check that windshield wipers are working properly. Use the squirting mechanism that applies the wiper fluid onto the windshield and find areas that may not be reached by it. This is critical since it may affect your night time driving and when driving during bad weather conditions. Does the car have a tint? If the tint is too thick, it will impair night visibility and cause you to have a hard time driving at night. There are also laws that prevent the windshield from being tinted. Check the rules and regulations in your state to determine if that applies. On the road While driving, check for blind spots by looking closely at the side mirrors as well as the rear view mirror. Evaluate the performance of the car's suspension by checking if it offers a comfortable ride and you feel that you are in control at all times. Look for a parking lot without too much vehicles and conduct a few sharp turns as well as a U-turn. Does the suspension work well or does the car wobble too much? Steering performance Observe that the car has a responsive steering mechanism. A little turn of the steering wheel should be enough for the car to respond efficiently. The steering should be balanced enough so as to have enough power for easy steering and at the same time it should correctly render the feel of the road to the driver. These are some of the things to consider when taking a car for a road test. Remember to put a car's performance first in your priority before its other aspects.

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Planning A Car Audio System Installation

With such a wide range of components and gadget on the market for car audio systems, the big question is "Where do I start?" First you must decide what exactly you wish to do. If you are wanting to build a car audio system for a daily driver (the car you drive back and forth to work) with good sounds, but you are not interested in competing, a system can easily be put together for under $1000. However, if you are looking for the all-out bass monster, be prepared to drop in some big bucks into your system. One of the most important things to keep in mind when building a car audio system is planning. Get an idea of where you are going to place components, subwoofers, amplifiers, and power distribution. A lot of headache can be avoided with the proper planning!! For the basic system, lets look at some of the components needed. Let's first start with the head unit (CD player). Obviously you are going to want a nice head unit. If you start with a good quality cd player, and choose to upgrade your sound system in the future, purchase a head unit that will grow with you. Some of the features you may want to keep in mind are: 1. CD changer controls 2. XM / Sirius controls (if you decide to add Satellite radio in the future) 3. Dual RCA outputs (carries signal to the amplifiers) 4. Pause button (important for competing) 5. Detachable face, or other security devices 6. High voltage line driver - this will send the sound signal at a higher voltage to your amplifier/s reducing noise and improving overall sound quality. After you have chosen your head unit, you will want to make a decision on amplifiers and subwoofers. Keep in mind that you get what you pay for. A $30 subwoofer will be as big as a $300 subwoofer, but the capacities of each will differ greatly. Look at the power handling of each subwoofer and decide accordingly. You will want subwoofers will work with your amplifier/s (see compatibility). You must also keep in mind the available space in your vehicle. Are you willing to give up your entire cargo area? How many subwoofers will fit? Decide on the size. Sizes will vary from 8" up to 18", some are square (Kicker), but most are round. Also keep in mind the resistance (ohms) of the subwoofer and make sure they are compatible with your amplifier/s (see compatibility). The subwoofer decision will also have an effect on the enclosure you decide to build or buy. For the basic system, I would recommend purchasing a pre-fabricated subwoofer enclosure. This will save you a bit of money and headache (especially if you end up building it two or three times!!). Make sure you take accurate measurement of your cargo area before building or buying an enclosure!! Other components may be needed depending on the type of system you are building and how elaborate you want your sound to be. For the competition vehicle, figure on upgrading your alternator, adding a battery to your system (maybe more), running high quality RCA cables, power cables, ground cables, and speaker cable. You may need to add a capacitor to provide your amplifier with a reservoir of power for bigger hits from the subs. You may need an electronic crossover, an equalizer, replacement factory speakers, an amplifier for your mid-range and tweeters, additional speakers within your vehicle for staging, etc.

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Tractor Competition Serves As Rewarding Learning Experience

Growing up in small town Wallis, TX, where the farmlands flourish and tractors play a key role in everyday life, it seems only right that restoring old tractors would become a passion for local Future Farmers of America (FFA) teens. Inspired by that passion, two Wallis teens entered the 2005 Chevron Delo Tractor Restoration Competition, making it all the way to the event's finals at the National FFA Convention in Louisville, Kentucky. The Tractor Restoration Competition rewards the determination, mechanical skill and business savvy of high school-aged FFA members from around the country. Students are required to submit a workbook that details the entire restoration process. The skills learned through the competition help develop the participants into future leaders in the agricultural community. The teens, members of the Brazos, TX, FFA, share an aptitude for mechanical repair and an interest in vintage tractors, as well as one other thing: Tyler and Jordan Raska are brother and sister. While the scenario might have turned into a sibling rivalry, the Raskas instead took an alternate approach to their restoration projects. Rather than battling to beat the other, Tyler and Jordan worked on their tractors together, providing support and encouragement along the way. Throughout the long hours spent revamping their tractors and carefully documenting the entire process, the brother-and-sister team bonded amid the grease, paint and rusty tractor parts. In the end, however, there could only be one winner. Hard work, dedication and mechanical savvy paid off for 18-year-old Tyler Raska, the individual winner of the Chevron Delo Tractor Restoration Competition. A senior at Brazos High, Tyler is no stranger to tractor competitions. He has been restoring tractors for four years, and had a particularly successful year in 2005, winning the eight shows he attended with his Grandpa's 1959 John Deere 630, including a national competition and three state competitions. Tyler, who has a learning disability, has benefited greatly from participating in the tractor competitions. They have helped him focus on his strengths and build confidence, improving his project management and public speaking skills. And each year his knowledge of tractor parts has grown. "I like to take an old tractor and make it as good as new, if not better than the original," said Tyler. "This year was especially rewarding because I worked in the garage with my Grandpa and restored something that was special to him." While falling a bit short in her quest for the title, the experience was an immensely positive one for Jordan, the only girl from the Brazos FFA to enter the competition. Tired of being the "go-fer girl" for Tyler as he worked on his tractors, Jordan decided to conquer her own restoration, a John Deere 420. Jordan, in her first year showing tractors, initially drew inspiration from an unlikely place-the music video for "Save a Horse, Ride a Cowboy," by country group Big and Rich. The music video showcases Gretchen Wilson driving a "cute" tractor and Jordan decided she wanted to restore one like that. Working side by side with her brother and her dad, Jordan's knowledge of tractors increased tremendously over the course of the project. She did as much of the work by herself that she could and then consulted the men for explanations and hands-on demonstrations when necessary. "I highly recommend the Chevron Delo Tractor Restoration Competition to others," Jordan said. "It's an incredible learning experience that helped me develop skills for life. Plus, I've had the opportunity to work alongside my brother, meet new people and make great new friends.". "Chevron sponsors the Delo Tractor Restoration Competition knowing that the skills and lessons learned during the restoration process benefit the teens for life," said Nicole Fujishige, commercial automotive lubricants marketing manager, Chevron Products Company. "We consider it one of our more vital and important sponsorships, one that helps ensure that the industry's future leaders have the tools to succeed." Currently, both Tyler and Jordan are restoring tractors for the 2006 Chevron Delo Tractor Restoration Competition. They each have their own tractor, plus they're working on one together. With another year of experience under their belts, the teens are looking forward to next year's event-and maybe a different Raska on the winner's podium.

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Vehicle Safety Habits For The Beginner Driver

It is good practice to check you’re vehicle out before proceeding out on the road, and know all the safety features of the vehicle that you are operating. It is part of defensive driving to do these checks before you take you’re vehicle on the road. Vehicle inspection should be first on the list, before proceeding out on the road. Take out the tire wrench. You are going to need it to check the tires. Hit the tire to make sure there is sufficient air. You may want to carry a tire gauge in you’re car. Do a visable inspection of tires, looking for possible cracks or worn tires. Are there any visible leaks under the car? Do the signals work? Do the headlights work? (High and low beam.) Do the brake lights work? Check to make sure there’s enough engine oil; break fluid, and power steering fluid. Also check battery water level and coolant level. Do not open radiator cap! Vehicle must be cooled down first, if parked recently. (caution: see owners manual before opening cap.) Last will be transmission fluid. (Vehicle must be running to read proper level.) (Make sure you’re emergency park brake is applied.) Now you are ready to enter the car. Go over the safety features of your vehicle. . Communication features: Signals help you warn other drivers, which way you intend to turn. Brakes warn other drivers your slowing down or stopping. Horn warns other drivers and pedestrians to be alert. Emergency signals warn other drivers of a problem that you may have. Visibility features: Mirrors should be adjusted before you leave any parked position. Mirrors should be used quite often to see what is happening around you at all times. When you think your going to have to stop, check you’re rearview mirror first. You may have to touch your brake, to warn others behind you. You may have to stop a little further ahead to give the driver behind you room to stop safely. It’s all part of driving defensively. Headlights should be working, high and low beam. Wipers are a must in bad weather conditions. Windshield must be clean. Safety features: Emergency brakes should be applied when in a parked position at all times. Test you’re emergency brake by applying the handle, or pushing to the floor, depending on the make and model of the vehicle. Remove gear out of park position with foot on brake pedal and put in drive position. Ease up on brake pedal. Vehicle should not roll forward. It is a good habit to always release park brake after putting vehicle in gear. The vehicle will not roll forward if you forget to put you’re foot on the brake pedal, if the park brake is functioning properly. Seat belts: Make sure you’re seatbelt is on. Including passengers. It is a violation in most, if not every city and state not to wear it. Comfort: Heater should be adjusted accordingly, for maximum comfort. Driver must open windows if too hot. Seat adjustments should be adjusted for maximum visibility and comfort. (Check owner’s manual for further knowledge of vehicle features and safety features.) These topics that we covered should be second nature when reaching for them, especially when you get an unexpected downpour, or hit with mud from a passing vehicle, if you have to look for you’re wipers, you may find yourself on top of another vehicle or in a ditch! Do not attempt to drive without this knowledge.

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